梵谷(1853～1890年)

van Gogh, Vincent (Willem)

荷兰画家。十六岁时在海牙一家画店工作，後来又在其伦敦、巴黎的分店工作（1873～1876）。经历他个人的混乱时期後，他开始画素描和水彩画（1880）。曾到布鲁塞尔美术学院学习过，在海牙时也曾随风景画家毛沃学习（1881）。由於对艺术兴趣，使他随其弟艺术品商人狄奥去巴黎，对印象主义、後印象主义有了了解。1888年来到法国南部的阿尔勒；在那里的十五个月，他绘了近两百幅油画。静物、风景、在田间工作的农民是他最喜欢的绘画主题。他最着名的画作有《食薯者》（1885）、《星夜》（1889）、《耳朵包着绷带的自画像》（1888，他和高更争吵後割下自己的耳朵）。由於生活困苦又为精神忧郁所苦，他住进疗养院但仍继续作画；在这里十二个月（1889），他完成了一百五十幅画和素描。1890年移居瓦兹河畔奥弗尔，後来因与朋友争吵，精神再次崩溃，他朝自己开枪数日後去世。在他的十年艺术生涯中，一共绘了近八百幅的画作和七百幅的素描，但在他有生之年只卖出一幅画。他的作品对现代绘画的发展影响深远，并被认为是继林布兰之後荷兰最伟大的画家。

English version：

1853～1890年

van Gogh, Vincent (Willem)

Dutch painter. At 16 he was apprenticed to art dealers in The Hague, and he worked in their London and Paris branches 1873-76. After much personal turmoil, he began to draw and paint in watercolor (1880). He studied at the Brussels Academy and with Anton Mauve at The Hague (1881). His interest in art led him to join his brother Theo, an art dealer, in Paris, where he became acquainted with Impressionism and Postimpressionism. In 1888 he moved to Arles, in the southern of France; there he painted more than 200 canvases in 15 months. His favorite subjects were still lifes, landscapes, and peasant figures working in the countryside. Among his most famous paintings are The Potato Eaters (1885), Starry Night (1889), and Self-Portrait with Pipe and Bandaged Ear (1888; he had sliced off his ear after a quarrel with Paul Gauguin). Living in poverty and suffering from recurrent depression, he entered an asylum but continued to paint; during his 12-month stay (1889) he completed 150 paintings and drawings. A move to Auvers-sur-Oise in 1890 was followed by another burst of activity, but he soon suffered a relapse and died that July of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. His 10-year artistic career produced more than 800 paintings and 700 drawings, of which he sold only one in his lifetime. His work had a powerful influence on the development of modern painting, and he is considered the greatest Dutch painter since Rembrandt.