宗教战争(1562～1598年)

Religion, Wars of

法国的基督新教与天主教之间的斗争。由於喀尔文教派（Calvinism）在法国的传播，促使法国统治者麦迪奇的凯撒琳（Catherine de Medicis）更宽待休京诺教徒（Huguenots），而这触怒了有力的天主教纪兹（Guise）家族。後者的党徒们屠杀了一个位於瓦西（Vassy）的休京诺派教团（1562年），因而引发了该省的一场动乱。大大小小的冲突接连不断，妥协也陆续於1563、1568与1570年达成。在休京诺教派领袖科林尼的加斯帕德（Gaspard II de Coligny）於圣巴萨罗缪节大屠杀（Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre）中被谋杀後，内战再度暴发。1576年的和平协议准许休京诺教徒的信仰自由。不安中的和平一直持续到1584年，休京诺教派的领袖那瓦尔的亨利（Henry of Navarre）也就是後来的亨利四世（Henry IV）登上法国王位。此事导致三亨利（Three Henrys）之战，又招来西班牙的援助天主教徒。战事终结於亨利的皈依天主教，以及亨利颁布南特诏书（Edict of Nantes, 1598年）保证休京诺教徒可以获得宗教的宽容。

English version：

1562～1598年

Religion, Wars of

Conflicts in France between Protestants and Catholics. The spread of French Calvinism persuaded the French ruler Catherine de Médicis to show more tolerance for the Huguenots, which angered the powerful Catholic de Guise family. Its partisans massacred a Huguenot congregation at Vassy (1562), causing an uprising in the provinces. Many inconclusive skirmishes followed, and compromises were reached in 1563, 1568, and 1570. After the murder of the Huguenot leader Gaspard II de Coligny in the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572), the civil war resumed. A peace compromise in 1576 allowed the Huguenots freedom of worship. An uneasy peace existed until 1584, when the Huguenot leader Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV) became heir to the French throne. This led to the War of the Three Henrys and later brought Spain to aid the Catholics. The wars ended with Henry's embrace of Catholicism and the religious toleration of the Huguenots guaranteed by the Edict of Nantes (1598).