克鲁伯家族(Krupp family)

德国钢铁制造业王朝。1811年弗里德里希.克鲁伯（1787～1826）在埃森建立了一家钢铁厂。死後，其十四岁的儿子阿佛列.克鲁伯（1812～1887）全权接管了企业。阿佛列供应铁路和制造大炮所需的钢铁，从而发了财；在1870～1871年的普法战争中，克鲁伯大炮的性能使该企业获得了「德国的兵工厂」之称。在阿佛列去世时，该企业已武装了四十六个国家。德国海军的崛起以及对装甲板材的需求使得在他儿子阿尔弗里德.阿佛列（1854～1902）领导下的企业进一步壮大起来。到他的大女儿贝尔塔（1886～1957）继承了控制权後，该企业的员工已经超过四万人。她的丈夫古斯塔夫.冯.波伦-哈尔巴赫（1870～1950）把克鲁伯加在他名字的前面；他是个坚定的纳粹分子，经营克鲁伯帝国至1943年为止，然後传给了他的儿子阿佛列.克鲁伯（1907～1967）。在第二次世界大战中，克鲁伯企业使用奴隶劳动力，是纳粹战争机器的一个主要部分。後来在纽伦堡起诉了阿佛列的战犯罪行。1953年盟军下令拆散这家公司，但由於没有买家而搁置下来，最後还是由阿佛列重振了克鲁伯。

English version：

Krupp family

German steel-manufacturing dynasty. Friedrich Krupp (1787-1826) founded a steel factory in Essen in 1811. On his death his son Alfred (1812-1887) took full charge of the faltering concern at age 14. He made a fortune supplying steel to the railways and manufacturing cannons; the performance of Krupp guns in the Franco-German War of 1870-71 led to the firm's being called “the Arsenal of the Reich.” At Alfred's death he had armed 46 nations. The rise of the German navy and the need for armor plates further enriched the company under his son Friedrich Alfred (1854-1902). By the time Friedrich Alfred's elder daughter, Bertha (1886-1957), inherited control of the firm, it employed more than 40,000 people. Her husband, Gustav von Bohlen (1870-1950), affixed Krupp to the beginning of his name; an ardent Nazi, he ran the Krupp empire until 1943, when he was succeeded by their son Alfried Krupp (1907-1967). The Krupp works used slave labor during World War II and were a major part of the Nazi war machine; Alfried was later convicted of war crimes at Nürnberg. An Allied order to break up the company in 1953 languished for lack of a buyer, and Alfried eventually restored the Krupp fortune. See also Thyssen Krupp Stahl.