麦哲伦(1480年～1521年)

Magellan, Ferdinand

葡萄牙语作Fern?o de Magalh?es

西班牙语作Fernando de Magallanes

葡萄牙航海家和探险家。出身贵族家庭，1505年起参加前往东印度和非洲的探险。曾两度要求国王曼努埃尔一世赐给他一个较高的职位，但均遭到拒绝。1517年返回西班牙，为国王查理一世（後来的查理五世）服务，提出向西开辟通往摩鹿加（香料岛）的航道，以证明西班牙不属於葡萄牙的领地。1519年他带领五艘船和两百七十名船员离开塞维拉（塞维尔）。他航行至南美洲，途中镇压了水手的一次叛变，最终发现了麦哲伦海峡。他与剩下的三艘船穿过「南海」（後来被他称为「太平洋」，因为他们平安地穿过了这片海）。他在菲律宾被当地人杀害，但他的两艘船到达了摩鹿加，其中一艘「维多利亚号」由埃尔卡诺（J. de Elcano, 1476年～1526）带领继续向西回到西班牙，在1522年完成首次环球航行。

English version：

1480年～1521年

Magellan, Ferdinand

Spanish Fernando de MagallanesPortuguese navigator and explorer. Born to the nobility, Magellan from 1505 served in expeditions to the East Indies and Africa. Having twice asked King Manuel I for a higher rank and been refused, he went to Spain in 1517 and offered his services to King Charles I (later Emperor Charles V), proposing to sail west to the Moluccas (Spice Islands) to prove that they lay in Spanish rather than Portuguese territory. In 1519 he left Sevilla (Seville) with five ships and 270 men. He sailed around South America, quelling a mutiny on the way, and discovered the Strait of Magellan. With three ships left, Magellan crossed the “Sea of the South,” which he later called the Pacific Ocean because of their calm crossing. He was killed by natives in the Philippines, but two of his ships reached the Moluccas, and one, the Victoria, commanded by Juan de Elcano (1476?-1526), continued west to Spain, accomplishing the first circumnavigation of the world in 1522.

参考文章

• 麦哲伦为什么要环球航行中国史
• 麦哲伦鸻的外形特征鸟类知识
• 麦哲伦鸻属的简介、外形特征、该属物种、地理分布、保护现状、麦哲伦鸻属大全鸟类知识