托勒密三世～十五世(Ptolemy III-XV)

埃及托勒密王朝的马其顿诸王。托勒密三世（施主）（活动时期西元前246～西元前221年）在第三次叙利亚战争（西元前245～西元前241年）中打败塞琉西王国。托勒密四世（爱其父）在荒淫无度的统治下（西元前221～西元前205年），使埃及国势衰微。托勒密九世（救星二世）与母后共治（西元前116～110年、西元前109～107年），直到母后放逐了他，并以其弟托勒密十世（亚历山大，西元前107～西元前88年）取代他。亚历山大的统治不得人心，导致他也被放逐，西元前88年死於海上。救星二世乃恢复单独统治（西元前88～西元前81年），并将其弟的遗孀（即他的女儿）迎回，与他联合执政。托勒密十一世（亚历山大二世，西元前80年）是埃及最後一位完全合法继承王位的托勒密国王。他娶了托勒密九世（救星二世）的遗孀为妻，并共治，在苏拉的指挥下，他谋害了她以独揽政权，但人民杀死他替王后报仇，他仅执政十九天。托勒密十四世（神爱其父二世，西元前47～西元前44年）与姐姐克丽奥佩脱拉共同执政，可能被其姐谋杀，以便为她与凯撒所生的儿子铺路。托勒密十五世（凯撒）与母后从西元前44年开始共同执政，在西元前30年克丽奥佩脱拉自杀後，他也被屋大维杀害。他的死象徵罗马征服埃及，王朝结束。

English version：

Ptolemy III-XV

Macedonian kings of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. Ptolemy III Euergetes (“Benefactor”) (fl. 246-221) defeated the ruler of the Seleucid dynasty in the Third Syrian War (245-241). Ptolemy IV Philopator (“Father-loving”) allowed Egypt to decline under his debauched rule (r.221-205). Ptolemy IX Soter II ruled with his mother (116-110, 109-107), until she expelled him and installed his brother Ptolemy X Alexander (r.107-88). Alexander's unpopularity resulted in his expulsion, and he died at sea in 88. Soter II assumed sole rule (88-81), installing his brother's widow, his own daughter, with him. Ptolemy XI Alexander II (r.80 BC) was the last fully legitimate Ptolemaic king of Egypt. He took Ptolemy IX Soter II's widow as wife and co-ruler, on Sulla's command, then murdered her and took sole power, for which the people of Alexandria killed him; his rule lasted 19 days. Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II shared power (47-44 BC) with his sister Cleopatra; it was probably she who had him assassinated, to make way for her son by Julius Caesar. Ptolemy XV Caesar, or Caesarion, shared power with his mother from 44 BC; he was killed by Octavian (later Augustus) after Cleopatra's suicide in 30 BC. His death marked the Roman conquest of Egypt and the dynasty's end.