卡缪(1913～1960年)

Camus, Albert

出生的法国小说家、散文家和剧作家。1957年获诺贝尔文学奖。出身贫穷的阿尔及尔工人家庭，大学毕业後进入一剧团工作，而认识了左派分子。第二次世界大战期间居於巴黎，法国反抗运动使他进入沙特和存在主义的核心。他的第一本小说《异乡人》（1942）使他成为文学界的重要人物，通过对一个被判处死刑的「异乡人」的生动描写研究了20世纪的异化。同年发表一篇有影响的哲学随笔《薛西弗斯的神话》，卡缪在其中怀着相当同情的感情分析了当代的虚无主义与「荒诞」观念。後来又发表他的第二部小说《瘟疫》（1947）和另一篇长随笔《反叛者》（1951）。其他重要的文学作品有写作技巧出色的小说《堕落》（1956）和短篇小说集《流放和王国》（1957），《堕落》表现出对基督教象徵主义的专注，并包含对世俗人道主义的伦理道德更为自得的形式的冷嘲热讽。他的剧作有《误会》（1944）和《卡利古拉》（1944）。1957年获诺贝尔文学奖，三年後死於一场车祸。

English version：

1913～1960年

Camus, Albert

Algerian-French novelist, essayist, and playwright. Born into a working-class family in Algiers, he worked with a theatrical company after graduating from its university, becoming associated with leftist causes. He spent the war years in Paris, and the French Resistance brought him into the circle of J.-P. Sartre and existentialism. He became a leading literary figure with his enigmatic first novel, The Stranger (1942), a study of 20th-century alienation, and the philosophical essay The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), an analysis of contemporary nihilism and the concept of the absurd. The Plague (1947), his allegorical second novel, and The Rebel (1951), another long essay, developed related issues. Other major works include the novel The Fall (1956) and the short-story collection Exile and the Kingdom (1957). His plays include Le malentendu (1944) and Caligula (1944). He won the Nobel Prize in 1957. He died in a car accident.