尼禄(37～68年)

Nero

全名Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus或Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus，原名Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus。

罗马皇帝（54～68年在位）。因其母小阿格丽品娜与皇帝结婚而成为克劳狄的养子，并在克劳狄遭阿格丽品娜毒杀後登上皇位。在谋杀其母和脱离顾问前，由其教师西尼加和阿格丽品娜摄政。藉着敬重元老院和给予独立的帝国行政权，使他在东方受到欢迎，但布狄卡在不列颠的叛变（61）、失业情况和他的轻浮骄奢引发不满。64年的那场大火，可能是受他指使而引发的，烧毁了大部分的罗马，尼禄因此视基督徒为替罪羊而加以迫害，并建造奢华的金色宫殿。随着声望下跌，他下令处死妻子屋大维亚和她的接替者波皮厄，下令西尼加自杀，并处决批评他的元老们。在高卢和西班牙的叛变是由加尔巴所领导，并受到其军队拥立为皇帝。尼禄曾近疯狂地对厌恶他的臣民公开表演里拉琴和戏剧演出。受到元老院的谴责，他在处决前选择自我了断。

English version：

37～68年

Nero

orig.Lucius Domitius AhenobarbusRoman emperor (54-68). He became Claudius' adoptive son when the emperor married Nero's mother, Agrippina the Younger, and took the throne after she had Claudius poisoned. He was guided by his tutor, Seneca, and by Agrippina until he murdered her and broke free of his advisers. By respecting the Senate and leaving imperial administration alone, he became popular in the east, but Boudicca's revolt in Britain (61), unemployment, and contempt for his frivolousness and excesses caused dissatisfaction. In 64 a fire, possibly lit at his orders, destroyed much of Rome; he persecuted the Christians as scapegoats and proceeded to build a garish palace, the Domus Aurea. With his reign in decline, he murdered his wife, Octavia, as well as her successor, Poppaea, ordered Seneca to kill himself, and executed senators who criticized him. Revolts in Gaul and Spain were led by Galba, who was declared emperor by his army. Nero came to be regarded as mad, giving public lyre and theatrical performances to the disgust of his subjects. Condemned by the Senate, he chose suicide over execution.