装饰(ornamentation, architectural)

建筑、家具、家用物品各种风格中特出的应用装饰物。装饰常出现於柱顶、圆柱和建筑物顶端，特别是以线脚的形式出现於入口及窗户周围。在整个古代以至文艺复兴时期和後来的宗教建筑，应用装饰极为重要，也常具有象徵意义。古希腊飞檐的线脚尤其常用忍冬饰花瓣基本图案。其他的古代基本图案包括埃及涡卷形边框（椭圆形）、柱头的回纹（镶边）、圆柱的凹槽和凸嵌线、浅浮雕蛋箭饰线脚（带有交替的椭圆形及尖形），还有爱奥尼亚柱头、奔狗模式（或波形涡卷）上所见的涡卷。顶饰是指哥德时期墙顶周围普遍的连续装饰物。这个时期也常用花纹装饰的基本图案，即小型重覆形状的全面模式。风格主义建筑和家具的特点是使用交织带状饰，这源於伊斯兰金属制品。

English version：

ornamentation, architectural

Applied embellishment in various styles that is a distinguishing characteristic of buildings, furniture, and household items. Ornamentation often occurs on entablatures, columns, and the tops of buildings and around entryways and windows, especially in the form of moldings. Throughout antiquity and into the Renaissance, and later for religious buildings, applied ornament was very important, often having symbolic meaning. The anthemion petal motif was especially popular on the moldings of ancient Greek cornices. Other motifs from antiquity include the Egyptian cartouche (oval), fretwork (banding) of capitals, fluting and reeding of columns, bas-relief egg-and-dart moldings (with alternating oval and pointed forms), and scrollwork such as that found on Ionic capitals and in the running-dog pattern (or wave scroll). Brattishing refers to the continuous embellishment around the top of a wall common in the Gothic period. The diaper motif, an allover pattern of small repeated shapes, was also often used in this period. Characteristic of Mannerist architecture and furniture is the use of strapwork (interlaced scrollwork), which originated with Islamic metalwork.

参考文章

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